Mac Os 9 Terminal Emulator
The Windows Terminal is a modern, fast, efficient, powerful, and productive terminal application for users of command-line tools and shells like Command Prompt, PowerShell, and WSL. Its main features include multiple tabs, panes, Unicode and UTF-8 character support, a GPU accelerated text rendering engine, and custom themes, styles,. Terminal (Terminal.app) is the terminal emulator included in the macOS operating system by Apple. Terminal originated in NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP, the predecessor operating systems of macOS.
This page applies to version 2.8 of QEMU.
This page applies to version 9.2.1 of Mac OS, an obsolete version.
- You will want to refer to the wiki's PowerPC information as it contains potentially newer information beyond this article.
Before macOS, Apple sold Macintoshes with an operating system called System Software throughout its early lifespan, but the name only changed to Mac OS until version 8 in 1997. These operating systems are collectively referred to as Classic Mac OS. It was succeeded by Mac OS X, which targeted PowerPC Macs until the rollover to x86 in 2006, in which releases were shortened to OS X. Today, the modern incarnation is known as macOS. The design of the Macintosh computers changed throughout its life; the first Macintoshes were built with Motorola 68k processors but by version 9, PowerPC Macs were commonplace. This happened again with x86.
Mac emulation became possible in 1998 starting with the release of SheepShaver and its competitor PearPC in 2004, cross-platform emulators aiming to emulate PowerPC on x86 specifically. Development on PearPC paused between 2005 and 2011 while it encountered controversy with CherryOS, and the latest release was in 2015. But major efforts in a Google-sponsored Summer of Code event from 2015 brought QEMU's own PowerPC support even further. At the time of writing, Mac OS 9.0 to 10.4 boots and installs,[note 1] but versions before and after do not work (like 10.5 and 8.5).
Note that virtualization has always been a gray area for Apple. Until Mac OS X Lion, Apple licensed the software so that it was only permitted to be used with Mac hardware. They've since loosened up a bit to allow virtualization of macOS on Mac hardware, but anything else muddys the water.
Preparing the machine[edit]
You will need to get a copy of the Mac OS 9 installation CD. Booting the setup will go straight to a live environment with the option to install Mac OS 9.
It's recommended to rip the CD to the computer as an ISO. The -cdrom flag may not support hardware devices on platforms other than Linux.
You will need to create a hard disk image so that Mac OS 9 can be installed. 1 GB is recommended though it can be larger if desired. To set it as one gigabyte, use 1G. QEMU will then create a new hard disk image.
Starting up[edit]
- Note: If your version of QEMU only compiled the i386 and x86_64 programs, you will need to recompile.
OpenBIOS may not be included, so you'll need that too.
Go to the terminal and type:
256 MB of memory is recommended. Press enter and Mac OS 9 will boot from the disk.
The installer does not automatically format the drive for installation (commonly referred to as initialization). We'll need to do it ourselves instead. Open the Utilities folder on the disc, and open 'Drive Setup'. In the program, click the drive that says <not initialized> and then click 'Initialize..'. By default, the installer is set to create one partition. You can choose 'Custom Setup..' if you want something different, but because this guide is focused on purely installing Mac OS 9, we'll choose Initialize. Quit the program by going to File > Quit. Close the Utilities folder (the left-most button at the top) and then open Mac OS Install.
Press Continue on the Welcome screen, and then press Select on the Destination screen (you can go back and set 'Perform Clean Installation' in the Options if you want). Press Continue on the Important Information screen, and then Continue and Agree on the License Agreement. On the next screen, you'll be given the chance to set some options (like creating a report of the install) as well as customizing which programs get added and which don't. After that, the install will begin.
Once it completes, you can press Quit and then shut down. From that point on, you can use this command to get the VM running:
Notes[edit]
- ↑According to this spreadsheet, some versions still have issues; for one, 9.0 requires specific versions of the installation media, and movement from the mouse to boot from the hard drive, and second, 10.2 has graphical issues opening the hard drive on the desktop.
(Updated Dec 11, 2018)
I recently got an urge to revisit old computer media from the late 90s and early 2000s. Growing up around that time, I remember reading a lot of MacAddict and MacWorld to learn what I could do with a Mac. Building websites, graphic design, hacking the appearance of the UI, all these were explained in the pages of magazines.
These magazines are freely available on the Internet Archive, including their cover discs. I was curious to see what applications were around back then — what about emulating Classic Mac OS to see?
Creative variations in UI design
My first instinct was to reach for VirtualBox, but that is a no go as I need to emulate a Motorola 68K or IBM PowerPC architecture. I recalled that QEMU could emulate other architectures, surely someone has already tried to emulate Mac OS 9.
Yes, many people have already written about emulating Mac OS 9, but only recently (2018) did experimental audio support come out for QEMU. Here is a short guide on how I got it running with MacOS High Sierra as the Host OS.
Note that while QEMU is available in Homebrew, it does not have the experimental audio support (yet).
Internet Archive
Magazines can be browsed right on the archive site, or downloaded as archives or PDFs (or a torrent containing all formats). Cover discs can be downloaded directly as ISO files or a torrent for the ISO. Don’t worry about seedless torrents; these ones are backed with web seeding.
Requirements
DevTools: I already have homebrew and XCode installed; because of this I was not prompted for missing command line tools. If you don’t have them, you might be prompted (by MacOS) to install them.
Hardware: I am not sure about hardware requirements, as most modern Macs will probably eclipse the power needed to run the guest OS. However if you have a low-power CPU (e.g. MacBook) then there may be some struggling.
Windows/Linux: These instructions should probably work there too, although you will probably have to substitute something else for coreaudio in the configuration step.
Get QEMU “Screamer” Fork
These instructions are adapted from Cat_7 from the Emaculation forums
I started by creating a directory for all this emulation stuff.
Next clone the fork of QEMU with experimental audio support:
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Then configure the source to use MacOS CoreAudio. I have also enabled LibUSB, KVM, HyperVirtualization Framework, and the Cocoa UI. In this case I am only compiling the emulator for PPC (32-bit).
Next use make to compile QEMU. (If you have more processor cores, use make -j 4 or however many cores to speed up the process.)
This will create a binary in qemu-screamer/ppc-softmmu/qemu-system-ppc that we can use. Docuprint cp105b driver for windows 10 64.
Optionally you can install these binaries to /usr/local/bin or wherever. I kept them in the ~/emulation directory to separate them from the Homebrew QEMU binaries.
Create HD for Mac OS 9
We will need to have a hard drive image for our guest OS. I made mine 5 GB in size, which would be typical at the time for Mac OS 9.
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In our qemu-screamer directory, we will use qemu-img to create the disk image.
Get a Mac OS 9 Installer
If you have an ISO of a Mac OS 9 install disc (a Mac OS X classic install disc will not work — it must be bootable), then you can use that in the next step. If you don’t have one, you can download one from Mac OS 9 Lives: Mac OS 9.2.2 Universal Install.
Install Mac OS 9
The Mac OS 9 Lives method won’t install quite like an original Mac OS 9 installer would, but instead will use Apple System Restore to restore an image onto the hard drive.
Start up QEMU with the following options:
A breakdown of that command:
-L qemu-screamer/pc-biossets the BIOS-cpu 'g4'emulate a G4 CPU-M mac99,via=pmuwill define the Mac model and enable USB support-m 512use 512 MB of RAM, could go lower probably-hda macos92.imguse our generated disk image for the hard drive-cdrom '~/Downloads/Mac OS 9.2.2 Universal Install.iso'use the ISO for the cdrom-boot dboot from the disk drive-g 1024x768x32default to 1024x768 resolution and 32 bit colour-device usb-kbdenable USB keyboard emulation/support-device usb-mouseenable USB mouse input, will improve cursor tracking somewhat
Once it starts up, you will be able to run Disk Initializer to format your hard drive image. Go ahead and do that, using Mac OS HFS Extended as the file system. One partition is good.
After initializing the disk, run Apple System Restore with the Mac OS 9 Lives disk image as the source and your disk as the destination. This will take a minute to restore. Once done, shut down the emulated system (Special Menu -> Shut Down).
Boot Mac OS 9
Similar to the last command, except we start up from the disk we created.
It should boot up and you will have a running Mac OS 9 with audio! I recommend saving this command as a shell script in your ~/emulation directory.
Boots much faster than it did in 2001
Tips
Backups: When the emulator is shut down, just make a copy of the hard disk image to create a backup. If something breaks your Mac OS 9 installation then you can restore the file.
Discs: You can dynamically attach CDs/DVDs to the emulated system by going to the menu bar on your host system for the QEMU application and selecting the option to attach to the CD IDE drive. It will open a dialog letting you select your ISO.
Compatibility: This is emulating Mac OS 9.2.2, released in late 2001. The emulated hardware is more or less of the same vintage, meaning software from the mid-to-late 90s will have some trouble running (as I found). The most common problem is not being able to drop down to 256 colours, although I later found a solution (link below). I have not tried emulating Mac OS 8/8.5; a cursory reading of forums has mentioned that doesn’t work yet.
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256 Colours
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To support 256 colours you will need to add a bios driver. See the EMaculation forums for instructions; it involves replacing a file in the pc-bios directory with an older version that still supports 256 colours.
Mac Os 9 History
2018-12-11 Updates
Mac Os 9 Terminal Emulator Iso
I removed the extra arguments from configure as by default it will enable everything it can. make should use -j instead of -J. Using USB devices for mouse/keyboard improves mouse performance, but it still is a bit sluggish compared to the host machine. I found a way to get 256 colours working; see that section for a guide.